The title focuses on the development of a new type of intumescent using epoxy resin/polyester resin composite as the matrix material.The flame retardant system consists of ammonium polyphosphate(APP),pentaerythritol(PER),and melamine(Mel).Additionally,synergistic expanded graphite and nano titanium dioxide(nTiO_(2))fillers are incorporated into the flame retardant system.Solvents and additives are also added in specific proportions to achieve desired properties.The results demonstrate that when the coating thickness reaches 2.0 mm,it exhibits a fire resistance rating to 210 minutes.In this study,Advanced thermal analysis techniques such as TGA and DSC were employed to investigate the thermal characteristics and decomposition process of each component in the intumescent system as well as their interactions.Furthermore,SEM and XRD detection technologies were utilized to examine its microstructure,while FTIR was used to explore how phosphorus-containing flame retardants contribute to the formation of carbonization layer after combustion.These analyses help determine the mechanism by which swelling flame retardants function within the resin matrix.